What is Cardiac Amyloidosis?

Cardiac amyloidosis is a condition where abnormal proteins (amyloid) build up in the heart muscle, making it harder for your heart to function properly. It is also known as a type of restrictive cardiomyopathy, which means the heart becomes stiff and struggles to relax between beats. This can lead to heart failure over time.

There are two main types:

1. AL (Light Chain) Amyloidosis - Caused by the accumulation of abnormal light chain proteins.

2. ATTR (Transthyretin) Amyloidosis - Can occur due to mutations in the transthyretin gene or from aging.

Common Symptoms of Cardiac Amyloidosis

• Fatigue (feeling very tired)

• Shortness of breath, especially when walking or doing physical activities

• Swelling in the legs or ankles

• Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

• Other conditions that may be linked: severe aortic stenosis, bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, biceps tendon rupture, neuropathies (nerve problems), or spinal stenosis.

How is Cardiac Amyloidosis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis often starts with suspecting the condition based on your symptoms and medical history. Your doctor may recommend the following tests:

1. Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of your heart to look for thickened heart muscle.

2. EKG (Electrocardiogram): Checks for irregular heart rhythms.

3. Blood Tests: Helps rule out AL amyloidosis and assess kidney function.

4. PYP Scan (or HDP Scan): A special test that uses a tracer to see if the heart muscle is affected by amyloid deposits.

5. Biopsy: Sometimes needed to confirm the diagnosis if other tests are inconclusive.

Treatment Options for Cardiac Amyloidosis

Treatment depends on:

• The type of amyloidosis (AL or ATTR)

• How much the heart muscle is affected

• Whether heart failure is present

Treatment Approaches:

• Medications to slow down the buildup of amyloid proteins and improve heart function.

• Advanced therapies, such as heart transplants, may be needed in severe cases.

Seeking care from a specialized center with expertise in cardiac amyloidosis is crucial, as they offer the latest treatments and management strategies.

Takeaway

Cardiac amyloidosis can be managed with the right diagnosis and treatment. If you experience symptoms like unexplained fatigue, shortness of breath, or swelling, consult your doctor. Early detection and treatment can make a significant difference.

For more information on heart health and related conditions, check out our comprehensive guide.